Equation of a line given two points
This online calculator finds the equation of a line given two points on that line, in slope-intercept and parametric forms
You can find an equation of a straight line given two points laying on that line. However, there exist different forms for a line equation. Here you can find two calculators for an equation of a line:
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first calculator finds the line equation in slope-intercept form, that is,
It also outputs slope and intercept parameters and displays the line on a graph. - second calculator finds the line equation in parametric form, that is,
It also outputs a direction vector and displays line and direction vector on a graph.
Also, the text and formulas below the calculators describe how to find the equation of a line from two points manually.
How to find the equation of a line in slope-intercept form
Let's find slope-intercept form of a line equation from the two known points and .
We need to find slope a and intercept b.
For two known points we have two equations in respect to a and b
Let's subtract the first from the second
And from there
Note that b can be expressed like this
So, once we have a, it is easy to calculate b simply by plugging or to the expression above.
Finally, we use the calculated a and b to write the result as
Equation of a vertical line
Note that in the case of a vertical line, the slope and the intercept are undefined because the line runs parallel to the y-axis. The line equation, in this case, becomes
Equation of a horizontal line
Note that in the case of a horizontal line, the slope is zero and the intercept is equal to the y-coordinate of points because the line runs parallel to the x-axis. The line equation, in this case, becomes
How to find the slope-intercept equation of a line example
Problem: Find the equation of a line in the slope-intercept form given points (-1, 1) and (2, 4)
Solution:
- Calculate the slope a:
- Calculate the intercept b using coordinates of either point. Here we use the coordinates (-1, 1):
- Write the final line equation (we omit the slope, because it equals one):
And here is how you should enter this problem into the calculator above: slope-intercept line equation example
Parametric line equations
Let's find out parametric form of a line equation from the two known points and .
We need to find components of the direction vector also known as displacement vector.
This vector quantifies the distance and direction of an imaginary motion along a straight line from the first point to the second point.
Once we have direction vector from to , our parametric equations will be
Note that if , then and if , then
Equation of a vertical line
Note that in the case of a vertical line, the horizontal displacement is zero because the line runs parallel to the y-axis. The line equations, in this case, become
Equation of a horizontal line
Note that in the case of a horizontal line, the vertical displacement is zero because the line runs parallel to the x-axis. The line equations, in this case, become
How to find the parametric equation of a line example
Problem: Find the equation of a line in the parametric form given points (-1, 1) and (2, 4)
Solution:
- Calculate the displacement vector:
- Write the final line equations:
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